What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?
Ans GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it again).
What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Ans Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements:
EXTRACT.
When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset
EXTRACT HEADER.
When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.
As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group, the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs.
By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?
Ans Collect : If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.
Append – Duplicate entries occurs.
What is OPEN SQL vs NATIVE SQL?
Ans Open SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command (Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date.
Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP.
What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?
Ans To use a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows:
EXEC SQL [PERFORMING ].
ENDEXEC.
There is no period after Native SQL statements. Furthermore, using inverted commas (") or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement does not introduce a comment as it would in normal ABAP syntax. You need to know whether table and field names are case-sensitive in your chosen database.
What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?
Ans ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in which you enter the source code of ABAP programs and check their syntax. You can also navigate from the ABAP Editor to the other tools in the ABAP Workbench.
What are the events in ABAP language?
Ans The events are as follows:
1. Initialization
2. At selection-screen
3. Start-of-selection
4. End-of-selection
5. Top-of-page
6. End-of-page
7. At line-selection
8. At user-command
9. At PF
10. Get
11. At New
12. At LAST
13. AT END
14. AT FIRST
What is an interactive report? What is the obvious difference of such report compared
with classical type reports?
Ans An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.
Difference: -
a) The list produced by classical report doesn't allow user to interact with the system where as the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.
B) Once a classical report, executed user looses control where as Interactive, user has control.
C) In classical report, drilling is not possible where as in interactive, drilling is possible.
What is a drill down report?
Ans Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.
How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.
Ans
1. Called program - SE37 - Creating function group, function module by assigning attributes, importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions.
2. Calling program - SE38 - In program, click pattern and write function name- provide export, import, tables, exception values.
What are the exceptions in function module?
Ans Exceptions: Our function module needs an exception that it can trigger if there are no entries in table SPFLI that meet the selection criterion. The exception NOT_FOUND serves this function.
COMMUNICATION_FAILURE & SYSTEM_FAILURE
How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?
Ans DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS
Ans Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table:
Sr.No Fields - Description
1) Program - BDC Module pool
2) Dynpro - BDC Screen Number
3) Dynbegin - BDC Screen Start
4) Fname - Field Name
5) Fval - BDC field value
150) Name a few data dictionary objects?
Ans Different types of data dictionary objects:
1) Tables
2) Views
3) Data elements
4) Structure
5) Matchcode
6) Domains
7) Search Helps
8) Local Objects
What happens when a table is activated in DD?
Ans When the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database for the table definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP dictionary of the particular database.
It is available for any insertion, modification and updation of records by any user.
What are matchcodes? Describe?
Ans It is similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys.
What transactions do you use for data analysis?
Ans
What are the elements of selection screen?
Ans There are 5 elements of selection screen:
Selection-screen include blocks
Selection-screen include parameters
Selection-screen include select-options
Selection-screen include comment
Selection-screen include push-button
What are ranges? What are number ranges?
Ans Main function of ranges to pass data to the actual selection tables without displaying the selection screen.
Min, Max values provided in selection screens.
It is often necessary to directly access individual records in a data structure. This is done using unique keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to individual database records for a commercial object, to complete the key. Such numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master numbers.
What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?
Ans Parameters : We can enter a single value.
PARAMETERS: PARAM(10).
Select-options: We can enter low and high value i.e. range has to be specify. By using NO-INTERVAL user can process only single fields.
SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO.
SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO NO-INTERVAL.
SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table, which is automatically filled with values or ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS, the system creates a selection table.
SELECT-OPTIONS FOR .
A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.
The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of.
The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply)
The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern.
Differences-
PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report.
SELECT-OPTIONS allows users to fill an internal table with a range of values.
Select-options provide ranges where as parameters do not.
For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing
Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change.
Eg:- Parameters name(30).
When the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for 'name' will appear on the selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.
How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial
values in a selection screen?
Ans The selection criteria is validated in the processing block of the AT SELECTION SCREEN event for the input values on the screen and respective messages can be sent.
To display initial values in the selection screen:
1) Use INITIALIZATION EVENT
2) Use DEFAULT VALUE option of PARAMETERS Statement
3) Use SPA/GPA Parameters (PIDs).
Validate: - by using match code objects.
Display :- Parameters default 'xxx'.
Select-options for spfli-carrid.
Initial values in a selection screen:
INITIALIZATION.
DNO-LOW = 10.
DNO-HIGH = 30
SIGN I.
OPTION NB.
APPEND DNO.
What are selection texts?
Ans
What is CTS and what do you know about it?
Ans CTS stands for Correction and Transport System. The CTS provides a range of functions that help you to choose a transport strategy optimally suited to your requirements. We recommend that you follow the transport strategy while you plan and set up your system landscape.
Correction and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working with the Correction and Transport System, see Correction and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System.
Ans GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it again).
What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Ans Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements:
EXTRACT
When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset
EXTRACT HEADER.
When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields.
As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group
By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
Ans Collect : If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry.
Append – Duplicate entries occurs.
What is OPEN SQL vs NATIVE SQL?
Ans Open SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command (Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date.
Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP.
What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it?
Ans To use a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows:
EXEC SQL [PERFORMING ].
ENDEXEC.
There is no period after Native SQL statements. Furthermore, using inverted commas (") or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement does not introduce a comment as it would in normal ABAP syntax. You need to know whether table and field names are case-sensitive in your chosen database.
Ans ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in which you enter the source code of ABAP programs and check their syntax. You can also navigate from the ABAP Editor to the other tools in the ABAP Workbench.
Ans The events are as follows:
1. Initialization
2. At selection-screen
3. Start-of-selection
4. End-of-selection
5. Top-of-page
6. End-of-page
7. At line-selection
8. At user-command
9. At PF
10. Get
11. At New
12. At LAST
13. AT END
14. AT FIRST
What is an interactive report? What is the obvious difference of such report compared
with classical type reports?
Ans An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice.
Difference: -
a) The list produced by classical report doesn't allow user to interact with the system where as the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system.
B) Once a classical report, executed user looses control where as Interactive, user has control.
C) In classical report, drilling is not possible where as in interactive, drilling is possible.
What is a drill down report?
Ans Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly.
How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.
Ans
1. Called program - SE37 - Creating function group, function module by assigning attributes, importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions.
2. Calling program - SE38 - In program, click pattern and write function name- provide export, import, tables, exception values.
What are the exceptions in function module?
Ans Exceptions: Our function module needs an exception that it can trigger if there are no entries in table SPFLI that meet the selection criterion. The exception NOT_FOUND serves this function.
COMMUNICATION_FAILURE & SYSTEM_FAILURE
How are the date and time field values stored in SAP?
Ans DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS
Ans Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table:
Sr.No Fields - Description
1) Program - BDC Module pool
2) Dynpro - BDC Screen Number
3) Dynbegin - BDC Screen Start
4) Fname - Field Name
5) Fval - BDC field value
150) Name a few data dictionary objects?
Ans Different types of data dictionary objects:
1) Tables
2) Views
3) Data elements
4) Structure
5) Matchcode
6) Domains
7) Search Helps
8) Local Objects
What happens when a table is activated in DD?
Ans When the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database for the table definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP dictionary of the particular database.
It is available for any insertion, modification and updation of records by any user.
What are matchcodes? Describe?
Ans It is similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys.
What transactions do you use for data analysis?
Ans
What are the elements of selection screen?
Ans There are 5 elements of selection screen:
Selection-screen include blocks
Selection-screen include parameters
Selection-screen include select-options
Selection-screen include comment
Selection-screen include push-button
What are ranges? What are number ranges?
Ans Main function of ranges to pass data to the actual selection tables without displaying the selection screen.
Min, Max values provided in selection screens.
It is often necessary to directly access individual records in a data structure. This is done using unique keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to individual database records for a commercial object, to complete the key. Such numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master numbers.
What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?
Ans Parameters : We can enter a single value.
PARAMETERS: PARAM(10).
Select-options: We can enter low and high value i.e. range has to be specify. By using NO-INTERVAL user can process only single fields.
SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO.
SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO NO-INTERVAL.
SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table, which is automatically filled with values or ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS, the system creates a selection table.
SELECT-OPTIONS
A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH.
The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of
The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply)
The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern.
Differences-
PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report.
SELECT-OPTIONS allows users to fill an internal table with a range of values.
Select-options provide ranges where as parameters do not.
For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing
Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change.
Eg:- Parameters name(30).
When the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for 'name' will appear on the selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts.
How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial
values in a selection screen?
Ans The selection criteria is validated in the processing block of the AT SELECTION SCREEN event for the input values on the screen and respective messages can be sent.
To display initial values in the selection screen:
1) Use INITIALIZATION EVENT
2) Use DEFAULT VALUE option of PARAMETERS Statement
3) Use SPA/GPA Parameters (PIDs).
Validate: - by using match code objects.
Display :- Parameters
Select-options
Initial values in a selection screen:
INITIALIZATION.
DNO-LOW = 10.
DNO-HIGH = 30
SIGN I.
OPTION NB.
APPEND DNO.
What are selection texts?
Ans
What is CTS and what do you know about it?
Ans CTS stands for Correction and Transport System. The CTS provides a range of functions that help you to choose a transport strategy optimally suited to your requirements. We recommend that you follow the transport strategy while you plan and set up your system landscape.
Correction and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working with the Correction and Transport System, see Correction and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System.
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Thanks for the useful interview questions
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